Understanding 3 Types Of Welding (Automotive Welding) 了解三种类型的焊接技术（汽车焊接）

The three most common types of welding are arc welding, (commonly called stick welding), MIG welding and TIG welding. Understanding the basic principles of each type of welding helps define which process is best for your job.
最常见的三种焊接类型是电弧焊(通常称为手工电弧焊)、MIG焊和TIG焊。了解每种焊接的基本原理有助于确定哪种工艺最适合你的工作。

1 Arc Welding 电弧焊

Arc welding utilizes an electrode, which is a metal rod or “stick” with powdered flux around it. When you strike an arc, the extreme heat melts the work material and the welding rod. The melted rod then flows, adding additional material to the area, helping to fuse the materials together. The inside of the rod is basically metal “filler” and the flux on the outside of the rod is what burns and keeps oxygen away from the weld to prevent oxidizing. During the process, powder from the flux forms around the weld and when you’re done, you have to chip it off.
电弧焊使用一个电极，它是一个金属棒或“棒”，周围有粉末焊剂。当你引弧时，电极加热会熔化工作材料和焊条。熔化的棒随后流动，向该区域添加额外的材料，有助于将这些材料熔合在一起。棒的内部基本上是金属“填充物”，棒外部的焊剂是燃烧的物质，使氧气远离焊缝，防止氧化。在这个过程中，焊剂中的粉末会在焊缝周围形成，当你完成焊接后，你必须把它切下来。

The welding rods consist of different types of material on the inside and outside, which affect the characteristics of the weld. Arc welding works well on heavy materials and excels over other forms of welding with its ability to penetrate rusty materials, which is ever so useful for that inevitable old rusty trailer that someone wants you to fix.
焊条内外均由不同类型的材料组成，影响焊缝的特性。 弧焊在重型材料上运行良好，并且优于其他形式的焊接，并且具有穿透生锈材料的能力，这对于有人希望您修理的不可避免的旧生锈拖车非常有用。

Familiarity with the rod materials will make you most effective with an arc welder, for example, a 6010 rod penetrates deeper with its burn-in capabilities and a 7018 rod is better for general use.
熟悉焊条材料将使您最有效地使用弧焊机，例如，6010焊条通过其老化能力穿透更深，7018焊条更适合一般使用。

2 MIG Welding MIG焊

MIG (metal inert gas) welding also adds metal filler that flows onto the melted work material. The filler material is wound on a spool inside the welder cabinet and then automatically fed through the tip of the “gun” when you pull the trigger. As you weld, you are constantly adding metal.
MIG(金属惰性气体)焊接也是通过增加金属填料，流动到熔化的工作材料。填充材料焊丝缠绕在焊接工箱内的线轴上，当你扣动扳机时，焊丝自动通过“枪”的尖端。在焊接时，需要不断地添加金属材料。

The inert gas is an argon/CO2 mix for straight steel, but if you’re welding stainless, helium is added for a tri-mix. The gas comes out through the nozzle of the “gun” and blows down to shield the weld from oxygen.
惰性气体为装在直钢瓶内的氩气或者二氧化碳混合物，但如果您焊接不锈钢材料时，则需要添加氦气用于三元混合气。气体通过“喷枪”的喷嘴流出并向下吹，以保护焊缝免受氧气的影响。

Another option with a MIG welder is using flux core wire. This wire is actually a very thin metal (like a piece of foil) that is wrapped around a powered flux, so the wire is on the outside and the flux (similar to what’s on the outside of a stick welding rod) is on the inside. When heated, the flux melts and creates the gas shield. This allows you to use a MIG welder without the gas.
MIG焊的另一种选择是使用药芯焊丝。这种焊丝实际上是一种非常薄的金属(像一片箔)，包裹在一个有动力的焊剂周围，所以焊丝在外面，焊剂(类似于焊条外面的东西)在里面。当加热时，熔剂融化并形成气体屏蔽。这使您可以使用MIG焊机不需要气体。

Flux core MIG welding, however has its pros and cons. It leaves flux powder like a stick weld, making it not as clean, but on the plus side it allows you to crank up the temperature and burn through rust and contaminants. It’s also shielded on the spot. If you are working outside and there is a breeze, the normal MIG shielding gas will be blown away and you can’t get a good weld. Flux core wire eliminates this problem.
然而，药芯焊丝MIG焊有其优点和缺点。它会像焊条一样留下焊剂粉末，使其表面不那么干净，但同时，它可以让你提高温度并燃烧生锈和污染物。它自带焊接保护。如果你在室外工作并且有微风，则正常的MIG保护气体将被吹走，您无法获得良好的焊接。而药芯焊丝消除了这个问题。

MIG welding is the most cost effective and forgiving and has the shortest learning curve of all the welding practices. It is your general workhorse for everything; it’s strong, affordable and fast, and you can make beautiful welds with a little practice.
MIG焊是最具成本效益和宽容性的，并且在所有焊接实践中学习曲线最短。它是你一切的主力; 它坚固，价格实惠且速度快，你可以通过一些练习来制作精美的焊缝。

MIG works great for welding imperfect or dissimilar materials, making them perfect for exhaust work.
MIG焊对焊接不完美或不相似的材料非常有效，使它们非常适合于排气工作。

For bodywork, they offer excellent control and make a clean weld, but you must use the gas. Do not use flux core wire.
对于车身，它们提供出色的控制并使焊接干净，但您必须使用惰性气体。而不能使用药剂焊芯。

Some tips for MIG welding:
MIG焊的一些技巧：

• Correct shielding gas flow rate is key. All you are trying to do is shield the weld from the surrounding oxygen. Too much pressure just sends you back to the welding shop to buy more gas.
  正确的保护气体流量是关键。你要做的就是保护焊缝免受周围氧气的影响。太大的气流压力只会让焊接车间购买更多的气体。
  
  
• Clean things off. This standard rule applies to all welding where possible. Clean both surfaces to bare metal and make sure you have a good ground.
  清理干净。本标准规则适用于所有焊接。将两个表面清洁至裸露的金属，并确保您有良好的接地。
  
  
• When purchasing a MIG, be sure to get one with shielding gas capability. MIG welders with shielding gas capabilities offer cleaner welds than flux core, plus you can still run flux core wire if needed.
  购买MIG焊时，请务必使用具有保护气体功能的MIG。具有保护气体功能的MIG焊机提供比药剂焊芯更清洁的焊接，如果需要，您仍然可以使用药剂焊芯。
  
  
• Work to get your balance right (heat and wire speed). A correct balance will give you good weld penetration with minimum distortion of the work piece.
  保持平衡（热量和线速度）。正确的平衡将为您提供良好的焊接穿透力，同时最大限度地减少工件的变形。

For automotive purposes, MIG welding is and will probably forever be the number one type of welding. Perfecting MIG welding in my opinion is much easier than any other type of welding.
对于汽车而言，MIG焊接将永远是第一种焊接方式。在我看来，完善MIG焊接比任何其他类型的焊接都要容易得多。

3 TIG Welding TIG焊

TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding uses a tungsten rod on the end of a “torch” and argon gas as a shield. The tungsten rod does not burn up, but creates an arc that allows everything to get so hot that it melts together. A TIG is designed to weld in this manner, by melting the two pieces of material together without having to add material.
TIG(钨惰性气体)焊接用钨棒在“火炬”的末端和氩气作为保护。钨棒不会燃烧，但会形成一个电弧，让所有东西都变热，熔化在一起。TIG焊被设计成这样焊接，通过熔化两块材料而不需要添加材料。

For example, if two pieces are precision machined or press fit, you can TIG them together without adding any material. If you want to add material to fill gaps or build the area, you can do so using filler rod. TIG filler is available in multiple sizes and materials.
例如，如果两个零件是精密加工或冲压配合，您可以TIG焊，他们在一起没有添加任何材料。如果你想添加材料来填补空白或建立该地区，你可以这样做，使用焊条嵌条。TIG焊条有多种尺寸和材料可供选择。

TIG welding has its advantages for certain materials and has become very popular with motorcycle and custom car building because it’s super clean and looks incredibly nice.
TIG焊接在某些材料方面具有优势，并且在摩托车和定制汽车制造中非常受欢迎，因为它非常干净，看起来非常好。

TIG is an art form. It’s often used for aluminum, stainless and exotic metals commonly found in motorsports. It’s clean, quiet and when done correctly leaves no carbon reside.
TIG是一种艺术形式。 它通常用于赛车运动中常见的铝，不锈钢和奇异金属。 它干净，安静，正确完成后不会留下碳。

This is clearly a type of welding to fully understand before jumping right into it.
这显然是一种焊接类型，在直接投入之前要完全理解。

Each type of welding has its advantages and disadvantages, and as you become a more experienced welder, you may branch into all three types, but for general automotive and hobby welding, go for the MIG.
每种类型的焊接都有其优点和缺点，随着你成为更有经验的焊工，您可以分为三种类型，但对于一般汽车和业余爱好焊接，请选择MIG。

If you’re looking to buy, there are a lot of MIG welders on the market. The good news is that economy units have improved considerably in quality over recent years, and the higher quality units have come down in cost.
如果您想购买，市场上有很多MIG焊机。好消息是近年来经济单位的质量有了很大提高，而且质量较高的单位的成本也有所降低。

Ever-evolving MIG technology now offers automatic feedback control that constantly adjusts power output and wire speed to provide the best weld possible for your current conditions, making a beginning welder look experienced. For your automotive shop, a MIG welder is equipment that will pay for itself.
不断发展的MIG技术现在提供自动反馈控制，不断调整功率输出和线速度，为您目前的条件提供最好的焊接可能，使初学者看起来经验丰富。对于您的汽车车间来说，MIG焊机是一种能够收回成本的设备。